SHAP
SHapley Additive exPlanations is a game-theoretic approach that assigns a specific importance value to every feature for a particular model prediction.
Think of It Like This
Like fairly distributing a team bonus by mathematically proving exactly how much each player contributed to the final winning score.
Based on Shapley values from cooperative game theory, SHAP guarantees mathematically consistent feature attributions. It explains exactly how much a specific feature (like 'Age=65') pushed the model's output away from the base average prediction. It is widely considered the gold standard for black-box model interpretability.