Data Analyst
For beginners and career switchers who want to turn raw data into decisions. Learn spreadsheets, SQL, BI, Python and statistics, then build a portfolio and land an analyst role.
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01 Statistics and Data Fundamentals Learn the core statistics and data concepts that every analysis, chart and dashboard relies on. 02 Spreadsheet Mastery Clean, calculate and summarize data in Excel or Google Sheets, the everyday tool of most analysts. 03 Relational Databases and SQL Query, join and aggregate data in relational databases and understand how analytics warehouses are modeled. 04 Business Intelligence and Visualization Design clear charts and build interactive, secure dashboards in Power BI, Tableau or Looker. 05 Programming for Data Analysis Use Python or R to automate analysis, manipulate large datasets and create reproducible visualizations. 06 Data Acquisition and Cleaning Collect data from APIs and the web, then assess, clean, transform and test it before analysis. 07 Exploratory Analysis and Applied Statistics Explore data systematically and apply regression, experimentation, forecasting and causal methods. 08 Business Acumen and Communication Frame business problems, choose the right metrics, handle data responsibly and drive decisions with insights. 09 Portfolio and Career Preparation Showcase end-to-end projects, build a professional presence and prepare for analyst interviews. Data Analyst For beginners and career switchers who want to turn raw data into decisions. Learn spreadsheets, SQL, BI, Python and statistics, then build a portfolio and land an analyst role. 9 STAGES · 40 TOPICS · 152 SUBTOPICS 1.1 Descriptive Statistics Central Tendency Mean · Median · Mode Spread and Shape Variance · Standard Deviation · Skewness · Kurtosis Percentiles and Quartiles IQR · Box Plots · Normal Distribution 1.2 Probability and Inference Probability Basics Distributions · Bayes' Theorem · Expected Value Sampling Sampling Methods · Central Limit Theorem · Sampling Bias Inferential Statistics Confidence Intervals · Hypothesis Testing · p-values · Margin of Error 1.3 Data Literacy Data Types Numerical · Categorical · Ordinal · Date and Time File Formats CSV · JSON · XML · Parquet · Avro Data Shape and Granularity Tidy Data · Grain · Wide vs Long 2.1 Spreadsheet Basics Data Entry and Validation Data Types · Dropdowns · Input Rules Formatting Number Formats · Conditional Formatting · Tables Productivity Keyboard Shortcuts · Named Ranges · Freeze Panes 2.2 Formulas and Functions Aggregation Functions SUM · AVERAGE · COUNTIFS · SUMIFS Logical Functions IF · IFS · AND · OR · IFERROR Lookup Functions XLOOKUP · INDEX · MATCH · VLOOKUP Text Functions TRIM · LEFT · MID · TEXTSPLIT · TEXTJOIN Date and Time Functions TODAY · DATEDIF · EOMONTH · WORKDAY Dynamic Arrays FILTER · SORT · UNIQUE · SEQUENCE · LET 2.3 Analysis in Spreadsheets Sorting and Filtering Custom Sorts · Advanced Filters · Slicers Pivot Tables and Pivot Charts What-If Analysis Goal Seek · Data Tables · Scenario Manager Power Query Importing · Transforming · Merging · Cleaning Automation Macros · VBA · Office Scripts · Apps Script 3.1 Relational Database Concepts Relational Model Tables · Rows · Columns · Schemas Keys and Relationships Primary Keys · Foreign Keys · One-to-Many · Many-to-Many Normalization 1NF · 2NF · 3NF · Data Integrity Entity-Relationship Diagrams Entities · Cardinality · Schema Design Database Systems PostgreSQL · MySQL · SQL Server · SQLite · DuckDB 3.2 SQL Basics Retrieving Data SELECT · FROM · WHERE · DISTINCT Filtering LIKE · IN · BETWEEN · IS NULL · Boolean Operators Sorting and Limiting ORDER BY · LIMIT · OFFSET · TOP 3.3 Aggregation and Transformation Aggregate Functions COUNT · SUM · AVG · MIN · MAX Grouping GROUP BY · HAVING Conditional Logic CASE WHEN · COALESCE · NULLIF Aliasing and Type Casting AS · CAST · CONVERT String, Date and Math Functions 3.4 Joins and Advanced Queries Joins INNER · LEFT · FULL OUTER · CROSS · SELF Set Operations UNION · UNION ALL · INTERSECT · EXCEPT Subqueries and CTEs Correlated Subqueries · WITH Clause · Recursive CTEs Window Functions ROW_NUMBER · RANK · LAG · LEAD · PARTITION BY Semi-Structured Data JSON · Arrays · Unnesting Views and Stored Procedures Views · Stored Procedures · Dynamic SQL 3.5 Query Performance Execution Plans EXPLAIN · Query Cost · Bottlenecks Indexing Clustered · Non-Clustered · Composite Indexes Efficient Queries SARGable Filters · Selective Columns · Partition Pruning 3.6 Data Warehousing and Modern Data Stack OLTP vs OLAP Dimensional Modeling Fact Tables · Dimension Tables · Star Schema · Snowflake Schema · SCD Types Cloud Data Warehouses Snowflake · BigQuery · Redshift · Databricks SQL ELT and Transformation dbt · Fivetran · Airbyte 4.1 Visualization Principles Choosing the Right Chart Comparison · Trend · Distribution · Composition Visual Design Color · Typography · Layout · Accessibility Perception and Cognitive Load Gestalt Principles · Preattentive Attributes · Decluttering Data Storytelling Narrative Structure · Audience · Annotations 4.2 BI Tool Fundamentals Choosing a BI Tool Power BI · Tableau · Looker · Looker Studio Connecting Data Sources Files · Databases · Cloud Warehouses Dimensions and Measures Discrete · Continuous · Aggregation Core Visualizations Bar · Line · Scatter · Maps · Heatmaps Formatting and Tooltips 4.3 Data Modeling in BI Relationships and Star Schemas Cardinality · Filter Direction · Data Blending DAX for Power BI Measures · Calculated Columns · CALCULATE · Time Intelligence Tableau Calculations Calculated Fields · Parameters · LOD Expressions 4.4 Dashboards and Publishing Interactive Dashboards Filters · Actions · Drill-Downs · KPI Cards Dashboard Performance Extracts · Aggregations · Query Reduction Publishing and Sharing Power BI Service · Tableau Cloud · Scheduled Refresh Row-Level Security (RLS) 5.1 Programming Fundamentals Variables and Data Types Numbers · Strings · Booleans · Operators Control Flow If-Else · For Loops · While Loops Functions Arguments · Scope · Lambdas · Error Handling Data Structures Lists · Dictionaries · Tuples · Sets 5.2 Development Workflow Notebooks and IDEs Jupyter · JupyterLab · VS Code Environment Management venv · pip · conda · uv Command Line Basics Navigation · File Operations · Pipes Git and GitHub Commits · Branches · Pull Requests · Merge Conflicts Notebooks to Scripts Modules · Markdown Documentation · Reproducibility 5.3 Numerical Computing with NumPy NumPy Arrays Indexing · Broadcasting · Vectorization Array Math and Statistics Aggregations · Random Sampling · Linear Algebra 5.4 Data Manipulation DataFrame Basics pandas · Polars · Tidyverse Tibbles Importing and Exporting CSV · Excel · SQL · Parquet Selecting and Filtering Indexing · Boolean Masks · Sorting Grouping and Aggregating groupby · agg · transform Combining Datasets Merge · Join · Concat Reshaping Data Melt · Pivot · Stack · Unstack SQL on DataFrames DuckDB · Local Files 5.5 Data Visualization in Code Static Plots Matplotlib · Seaborn · ggplot2 Customizing Plots Axes · Legends · Themes · Annotations Interactive Plots Plotly · Altair · Bokeh Data Apps Streamlit · Shiny 5.6 AI-Assisted Analysis LLM Coding Assistants GitHub Copilot · ChatGPT · Claude · Gemini Prompting for Analysis Code Generation · Query Writing · Explanations Validating AI Output Hallucinations · Code Review · Data Privacy 6.1 Data Acquisition REST APIs Authentication · Pagination · JSON Parsing · Rate Limits Web Basics HTTP Requests · HTML · CSS Selectors Web Scraping BeautifulSoup · Scrapy · Playwright · Selenium Scraping Ethics robots.txt · Terms of Service · Rate Limiting 6.2 Data Quality Assessment Data Profiling Summary Statistics · Null Counts · ydata-profiling Outliers and Anomalies IQR Method · Z-Scores · Domain Checks Inconsistent Formats and Typos Standardization · Fuzzy Matching Business Rule Validation 6.3 Cleaning Techniques Missing Data Deletion · Imputation · Missingness Patterns Duplicates Exact Matches · Fuzzy Deduplication Text Cleaning and Regex Pattern Matching · Extraction · Replacement Dates and Type Conversion Parsing Dates · Time Zones · Casting 6.4 Data Transformation Scaling Normalization · Standardization Encoding Categorical Variables One-Hot · Label Encoding · Ordinal Encoding Feature Engineering Derived Metrics · Binning · Date Parts 6.5 Automated Data Testing Data Tests dbt Tests · Great Expectations · Soda Schema Validation Pandera · Pydantic · Type Checks Repeatable Cleaning Pipelines Functions · Scripts · Scheduling 7.1 Exploratory Data Analysis Univariate Analysis Histograms · Box Plots · Distributions Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis Scatter Plots · Correlation Matrices · Cross-Tabs Correlation vs Causation Confounders · Spurious Correlations · Reverse Causality 7.2 Regression and Segmentation Linear Regression Simple · Multiple · R-Squared · Residuals Logistic Regression Odds Ratios · Classification · ROC-AUC Clustering and Segmentation K-Means · RFM Segmentation 7.3 Experimentation and A/B Testing A/B Test Design Hypotheses · Metrics · Randomization · Sample Size Statistical Power Type I Errors · Type II Errors · Power Analysis · MDE Common Pitfalls Peeking · Multiple Testing · Novelty Effects · Sample Ratio Mismatch 7.4 Time Series and Forecasting Time Series Components Trend · Seasonality · Noise Smoothing Moving Averages · Rolling Windows Forecasting Basics Naive Baselines · Exponential Smoothing · ARIMA 7.5 Customer and Causal Analytics Cohort Analysis Acquisition Cohorts · Retention Tables Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) Survival Analysis Retention Curves · Churn Timing · Hazard Rates Causal Inference Difference-in-Differences · Propensity Scores · Regression Discontinuity 8.1 Domain Knowledge and KPIs KPIs by Industry E-commerce · SaaS · Finance · Healthcare · Marketing Product Analytics AARRR Metrics · Funnels · Engagement · Retention Metric Design North Star Metric · Leading Indicators · Guardrail Metrics Impact and ROI Analysis Cost-Benefit · Opportunity Sizing 8.2 Problem Solving Framing Business Questions Ambiguity · Hypotheses · Success Criteria Structured Thinking MECE · Issue Trees Root Cause Analysis 5 Whys · Fishbone Diagrams 8.3 Communication and Influence Presenting to Non-Technical Audiences Reports and Memos Executive Summaries · Recommendations Driving Decisions with Data Persuasion · Trade-offs · Next Steps Stakeholder Management Requirements Gathering · Expectation Setting 8.4 Ways of Working Agile for Data Teams Sprints · Kanban · Jira Documentation Data Dictionaries · Metric Definitions · Analysis Logs 8.5 Data Ethics and Governance Privacy Regulations GDPR · CCPA · HIPAA PII Handling and Anonymization Bias and Ethical Analysis Sampling Bias · Fairness · Misleading Charts Data Governance Data Catalogs · Access Control · Data Lineage 9.1 Portfolio Projects Finding Datasets Kaggle · Data.gov · Google Dataset Search · AWS Open Data End-to-End Analysis Projects Extraction · Cleaning · Analysis · Recommendations Documenting on GitHub READMEs · Clean Notebooks · SQL Scripts Public Dashboards Tableau Public · Power BI Service 9.2 Professional Presence Resume and LinkedIn ATS Keywords · Quantified Impact Portfolio Website GitHub Pages · Notion · Personal Site Networking and Blogging LinkedIn Posts · Medium · Meetups 9.3 Interview Preparation SQL Interviews Live Queries · Joins · Window Functions Python and Excel Tests pandas Tasks · Spreadsheet Exercises Case Studies Take-Home Assignments · Presentations · Guesstimates Behavioral Interviews STAR Method · Cross-Functional Collaboration